Reuters) - The World Health Organization, governments and nonprofit groups are saving lives by distributing drugs to developing countries, but they are not paying enough attention to the dangers of drug-resistant bugs, according to a report released on Tuesday.
Many such drug distribution programs may be driving drug resistance and endangering the lives they are meant to save, according to the report from the Center for Global Development.
"Drug resistance is a natural occurrence, but careless practices in drug supply and use are hastening it unnecessarily," the Center's Rachel Nugent, who led the group writing the report, said in a statement.
Millions of children in the developing world die every year from drug-resistant strains of malaria, tuberculosis, AIDS and other diseases, the report found.
Since 2006 donors have spent more than $1.5 billion on specialized drugs to treat resistant bacteria and viruses, and this could worsen, the report cautions.
So-called "superbugs" such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureas, or MRSA, now cause more than 50 percent of staph infections in U.S. hospitals.
Bacteria and viruses begin to evolve resistance to drugs almost as soon as they first encounter them. If drug treatment leaves even one microbe alive, it will reproduce and whatever genetic attributes helped it survive will be multiplied in the next generation.
Last week, experts told a Congressional panel that U.S. regulators need to provide a clear path for drug companies to develop new antibiotics and should consider offering financial incentives.
The Center's report looks for even broader action, urging WHO to lead others, including pharmaceutical companies, governments, philanthropies that buy and distribute medicines, hospitals, healthcare providers, pharmacies and patients.
The report finds clear links between increased drug availability and resistance. For instance, in countries with the highest use of antibiotics, 75 to 90 percent of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains are drug-resistant, it found.
Poor quality drugs, counterfeit drugs, incomplete use of drugs and other factors all contribute to the problem, the report found. And this problem will worsen as drug access programs succeed, it cautions.
"The number of people being treated for HIV/AIDS, for example, increased 10-fold between 2002 and 2007; there was an 8-fold rise in deliveries of (drugs) for malaria treatment between 2005 and 2006, and the Stop TB Partnership's Global Drug Facility has expanded access to drugs for TB patients, offering nearly 14 million patient treatments in 93 countries since 2001," the report reads.
"While increased access to necessary drugs is clearly desirable, it brings challenges in preserving the efficacy of these drugs and ensuring they are used appropriately."
For instance, in 2008, an estimated 440,000 cases of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis emerged.
The Center for Global Development, an independent, nonprofit group, specializes in research on global poverty and inequality.
http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE65E0NL20100615
Showing posts with label Medication resistance. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Medication resistance. Show all posts
Sunday, 11 July 2010
Thursday, 22 April 2010
Medication-resistance in malaria
As far back as the 1950s and 1960s resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine was recognised in this same border area between Cambodia and Thailand. This resistance spread across Asia into Africa, costing many lives. This stimulated concerns about any hints of resistance to artesunate in the same region of Southeast Asia. News reporters are not the only ones reporting concern about the fate of artemisinin drugs. A recent study by Dondorp and colleagues in this same border region documented reduced susceptibility of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum to artemisinin in actual patients.
The researchers found that it took twice as long – over 3 days on average – to clear malaria parasites in patients in the Pailin area compared with patients along the Thailand–Burmese border. They also noted that, ‘Artemisinins have been available as single drug treatments, or monotherapy, in western Cambodia for more than 30 years, in a variety of forms and doses.’
http://www.africa-health.com/articles/march_2010/Malaria%20pp%2015to18.pdf)
The researchers found that it took twice as long – over 3 days on average – to clear malaria parasites in patients in the Pailin area compared with patients along the Thailand–Burmese border. They also noted that, ‘Artemisinins have been available as single drug treatments, or monotherapy, in western Cambodia for more than 30 years, in a variety of forms and doses.’
http://www.africa-health.com/articles/march_2010/Malaria%20pp%2015to18.pdf)
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